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Post by beatlies on Oct 5, 2007 16:24:15 GMT -5
Some fascinating material on dopplegangers in history, science, legend and fiction in the doppleganger wikipedia entry. By the way, the word is pronounced with the "a" like in the Engish word "hang" or "gang."
Doppelganger
From wikipedia ---
A doppelganger or fetch is the ghostly double of a living person, a sinister form of bilocation.
In the vernacular, "Doppelganger" has come to refer (as in German) to any double or look-alike of a personn most commonly an "evil twin". The essential meaning of the German word is "doublewalker", someone who is walking the same way as another person does. The word is also used to describe the sensation of having glimpsed oneself in peripheral vision, in a position where there is no chance that it could have been a reflection. They are generally regarded as harbingers of bad luck. In some traditions, a doppelganger seen by a person's friends or relatives portends illness or danger, while seeing one's own doppelganger is an omen of death. In Norse mythology, a vardagr is a ghostly double who precedes a living person and is seen performing their actions in advance.
Contents [hide]
1 Spelling
2 Folklore
3 Famous reports
3.1 Percy Bysshe Shelley
3.2 John Donne
3.3 Abraham Lincoln
3.4 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
3.5 Emilie Sagae
4 Scientific, psychological, and philosophical investigations
4.1 Left temporoparietal junction
4.2 Otto Weininger
5 Fiction and mythology
6 References
7 See also
Spelling
The word "doppelganger" is a German loanword. It derives from Doppel (double) and Ganger (walker). As is true for all other "native" nouns in German, the word is written with an initial capital letter; however English usage varies.
In English, the word is conventionally uncapitalized (doppelganger). It is also common to drop the diacritic umlaut, writing "doppelganger". The correct alternative German spelling would be "Doppelgaenger".
Folklore
The doppelgangers of folklore cast no shadow, and have no reflection in a mirror or in water. They are supposed to provide advice to the person they shadow, but this advice can be misleading or malicious. They can also, in rare instances, plant ideas in their victim's mind or appear before friends and relatives, causing confusion. In many cases once someone has viewed his own doppelganger he is doomed to be haunted by images of his ghostly counterpart.[citation needed]
Other folklore says that when a person's doppelganger is seen, the person him/herself will die shortly. It is considered unwise to try to communicate with a doppelganger.[citation needed]
In some beliefs, a person's fetch, of similar nature to the German doppelganger, can be seen as a person of undetermined gender, an animal, or other dissimilar being.
Famous reports
Percy Bysshe Shelley
On 8 July 1822, Percy Bysshe Shelley, English atheist and poet, drowned in the Bay of Spezia near Lerici. On 15 August, while staying at Pisa, Mary Shelley wrote a letter to Maria Gisborne in which she relayed Percy's claims to her that he had met his own doppelgänger. A week after Mary's nearly fatal miscarriage, in the early hours of 23 June, Percy had had a nightmare about the house collapsing in a flood, and
... talking it over the next morning he told me that he had had many visions lately; he had seen the figure of himself which met him as he walked on the terrace & said to him "How long do you mean to be content" No very terrific words & certainly not prophetic of what has occurred. But Shelley had often seen these figures when ill; but the strangest thing is that Mrs W[illiams] saw him. Now Jane though a woman of sensibility, has not much imagination & is not in the slightest degree nervous neither in dreams or otherwise. She was standing one day, the day before I was taken ill, [15 June] at a window that looked on the Terrace with Trelawny; it was day ... she saw as she thought Shelley pass by the window, as he often was then, without a coat or jacket ... he passed again now as he passed both times the same way ... and as from the side towards which he went each time there was no way to get back except past the window again (except over a wall twenty feet from the ground) she was struck at seeing him pass twice thus & looked out & seeing him no more she cried: "Good God can Shelley have leapt from the wall? Where can he be gone?" Shelley, said Trelawny: "No Shelley has past?What do you mean?" Trelawny says that she trembled exceedingly when she heard this & it proved indeed that Shelley had never been on the terrace & was far off at the time she saw him.[1]
Percy Shelley's drama Prometheus Unbound (1820) contains the following passage in Act I: "Ere Babylon was dust, / The Magus Zoroaster, my dear child, / Met his own image walking in the garden. / That apparition, sole of men, he saw. / For know there are two worlds of life and death: / One that which thou beholdest; but the other / Is underneath the grave, where do inhabit / The shadows of all forms that think and live / Till death unite them and they part no more...."
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Post by beatlies on Jan 10, 2008 11:26:26 GMT -5
Frpm the wikipedia "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" article:
Parodies
An episode of The Dick Van d*ke Show titled "It May Look Like a Walnut!"[WALRUS] was a parody of the film. First aired February 6, 1963, the episode depicted Rob Petrie's nightmare about aliens who replace his friends and family with emotionless replicas, with walnuts taking the place of pods.
In an episode of Barney Miller, an old lady goes to the precinct to report that an imposter has taken her husband's place. Dietrich jokingly asks "Did you check the basement for pods?" To which the lady quite seriously replies "That's the first thing I did!"
The animated paranormal mystery show Martin Mystery had an episode called "Attack of the Slime People" that had a similar story.
In "The Pie" episode of Seinfeld, George, seeing Elaine's look-alike mannequin, says: "It looks like some pod landed from another planet and took your body. Don't fall asleep, Elaine."
In "The Apartment" episode of Seinfeld, Jerry is upset over Kramer's lack of social skills, and says "Let me explain something to you.. You see, you're not normal. You're a great guy, I love you, but you're a pod. I, on the other hand, am a human being. I sometimes feel awkward, uncomfortable, even inhibited in certain situations with the other human beings. You wouldn't understand".
During the Reagan presidency, [1979=80 Season] Saturday Night Live aired a parody in which people are taken over by GOP pods.
In the Duck Tales episode Send in the Clones, part of the subplot revolved around the Nephews seeing a movie called Invasion of the Quacker Snatchers, an obvious reference to the film.
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Post by beatlies on Jan 7, 2009 0:35:43 GMT -5
This is the front page top story on yahoo.com now, with a cutaway core illustration of Earth:
Did Earth's Twin Cores Spark Plate Tectonics?
Michael Reilly, Discovery News e-mail share bookmark print
Core Question | Discovery News Video Jan. 6, 2009 -- It's a classic image from every youngster's science textbook: a cutaway image of Earth's interior. The brown crust is paper-thin; the warm mantle orange, the seething liquid of the outer core yellow, and at the center the core, a ball of solid, red-hot iron.
Now a new theory aims to rewrite it all by proposing the seemingly impossible: Earth has not one but two inner cores.
The idea stems from an ancient, cataclysmic collision that scientists believe occurred when a Mars-sized object hit Earth about 4.45 billion years ago. The young Earth was still so hot that it was mostly molten, and debris flung from the impact is thought to have formed the moon.
Haluk Cetin and Fugen Ozkirim of Murray State University think the core of the Mars-sized object may have been left behind inside Earth, and that it sank down near the original inner core. There the two may still remain, either separate or as conjoined twins, locked in a tight orbit.
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Post by beatlies on Mar 14, 2009 19:08:08 GMT -5
Plot summary for
Retour de Martin Guerre, Le (1982) More at IMDbPro »
advertisement
During the medieval times, Martin Guerre returns to his hometown in the middle of France, after being away in the war since he was a child. Nobody recognise him, and the people who knew him suspect he is not Martin, but he knows all about his family and friends, even the most unusual things. Is this man really Martin Guerre? Written by Michel Rudoy {mdrc@hp9000a1.uam.mx}
As a young man, Martin Guerre leaves his farm, family, and wife. Years later, he returns a changed man. The village rejoices at his return. But after a disagreement with his uncle, the village questions Martin's identity. Written by Heather {hcannon@macalstr.edu}
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Post by faulconandsnowjob on Mar 15, 2009 11:18:12 GMT -5
Use of doubles: Creating an Alibi The physical similarities of twins allowed intelligence agencies to place an individual in different places at the same time. The first twin could be involved in an illegal or clandestine operation, while the second twin was in a different location among people who could provide an alibi. If the first twin were identified by witnesses as having committed a crime, then he/she could be apprehended by authorities. When questioned, the first twin would simply provide the names of witnesses who were with his twin in a different location when the crime was committed. When authorities interviewed those witnesses, and verified the story, the first twin would be released. Unless the authorities knew about the second twin, it would be very difficult to charge the first twin with a crime. In a professional and carefully planned covert operation no one would realize what had happened, and both twins would walk away. A similar "covert operation" could involve one of the twins, "C" (criminal), committing a crime while the second twin, "P" (the Patsy - ex: Lee Harvey Oswald), was in a different location and knew nothing about what has happening. Twin "C" would commit the crime in the presence of witnesses, but twin "P" would be identified as the culprit and subsequently arrested. "P" would adamantly deny any involvement in the crime, but with numerous witnesses he would not be believed. If the crime was serious, and twin "P" was killed before having a chance to tell authorities about his twin, then the truth about the crime might never be known. An operation involving twins or look-alikes, if carefully planned, is almost sure to succeed and the use of twins has provided intelligence agencies with "plausible deniability" for years, which allowed them to deny any involvement. "Plausible deniability" became an integral part of CIA operations, and was also a term used often by CIA Director Allen Dulles to explain away troubling situations. www.jfkresearch.com/jfk_101.html |
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Post by beatlies on Apr 7, 2009 23:38:21 GMT -5
Doppelgänger
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Doppelgänger (disambiguation).
Doppelgänger ( pronunciation (help·info)), or "Fetch", is the ghostly double of a living person, a sinister form of bilocation.
Look up Doppelgänger in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
In the vernacular, "Doppelgänger" has come to refer (as in German) to any double or look-alike of a person. The word is also used to describe the sensation of having glimpsed oneself in peripheral vision, in a position where there is no chance that it could have been a reflection. They are generally regarded as harbingers of bad luck. In some traditions, a doppelgänger seen by a person's friends or relatives portends illness or danger, while seeing one's own doppelgänger is an omen of death. In Norse mythology, a vardøger is a ghostly double who precedes a living person and is seen performing their actions in advance.
Contents
[hide]
1 Spelling
2 Famous reports
2.1 Percy Bysshe Shelley
2.2 John Donne
2.3 Abraham Lincoln
2.4 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2.5 Emilie Sagée
3 Scientific and philosophical investigations
3.1 Left temporoparietal junction
4 In fiction
5 See also
6 References
[edit] Spelling
The word "doppelgänger" is a German loanword. It derives from Doppel (double) and Gänger (goer),[1] although the German part word -gänger only occurs in compound nouns. As is true for all other common nouns in German, the word is written with an initial capital letter. The etymology of the word is usually traced to the 1796 novel Siebenkäs, by Jean Paul, in which the term is qualified by a footnote.
In English, the word is conventionally uncapitalized (doppelgänger). It is also common to drop the diacritic umlaut, writing "doppelganger." The correct alternative German spelling is "Doppelgaenger."
[edit] Famous reports
[edit] Percy Bysshe Shelley
On 8 July 1822, Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet, drowned in the Bay of Spezia near Lerici. On 15 August, while staying at Pisa, Mary Shelley wrote a letter to Maria Gisborne in which she relayed Percy's claims to her that he had met his own doppelgänger. A week after Mary's nearly fatal miscarriage, in the early hours of 23 June, Percy had had a nightmare about the house collapsing in a flood, and
... talking it over the next morning he told me that he had had many visions lately — he had seen the figure of himself which met him as he walked on the terrace & said to him — "How long do you mean to be content" — No very terrific words & certainly not prophetic of what has occurred. But Shelley had often seen these figures when ill; but the strangest thing is that Mrs Williams saw him. Now Jane though a woman of sensibility, has not much imagination & is not in the slightest degree nervous — neither in dreams or otherwise. She was standing one day, the day before I was taken ill, [15 June] at a window that looked on the Terrace with Trelawny — it was day — she saw as she thought Shelley pass by the window, as he often was then, without a coat or jacket — he passed again — now as he passed both times the same way — and as from the side towards which he went each time there was no way to get back except past the window again (except over a wall twenty feet from the ground) she was struck at seeing him pass twice thus & looked out & seeing him no more she cried — "Good God can Shelley have leapt from the wall? Where can he be gone?" Shelley, said Trelawny — "No Shelley has past — What do you mean?" Trelawny says that she trembled exceedingly when she heard this & it proved indeed that Shelley had never been on the terrace & was far off at the time she saw him.[2]
Percy Shelley's drama Prometheus Unbound (1820) contains the following passage in Act I: "Ere Babylon was dust, / The Magus Zoroaster, my dear child, / Met his own image walking in the garden. / That apparition, sole of men, he saw. / For know there are two worlds of life and death: / One that which thou beholdest; but the other / Is underneath the grave, where do inhabit / The shadows of all forms that think and live / Till death unite them and they part no more...."
[edit] John Donne
Izaak Walton claimed that John Donne, the English metaphysical poet, saw his wife's doppelgänger in 1612 in Paris, on the same night as the stillbirth of their daughter.
Two days after their arrival there, Mr. Donne was left alone, in that room in which Sir Robert, and he, and some other friends had dined together. To this place Sir Robert returned within half an hour; and, as he left, so he found Mr. Donne alone; but, in such ecstacy, and so altered as to his looks, as amazed Sir Robert to behold him in so much that he earnestly desired Mr. Donne to declare befallen him in the short time of his absence? to which, Mr. Donne was not able to make a present answer: but, after a long and perplext pause, did at last say, I have seen a dreadful Vision since I saw you: I have seen my dear wife pass twice by me through this room, with her hair hanging about her shoulders, and a dead child in her arms: this, I have seen since I saw you. To which, Sir Robert replied; Sure Sir, you have slept since I saw you; and, this is the result of some melancholy dream, which I desire you to forget, for you are now awake. To which Mr. Donnes reply was: I cannot be surer that I now live, then that I have not slept since I saw you: and am, as sure, that at her second appearing, she stopped, looked me in the face, and vanished.[3]
This account first appears in the edition of Life of Dr John Donne published in 1675, and is attributed to "a Person of Honour... told with such circumstances, and such asseveration, that... I verily believe he that told it me, did himself believe it to be true." At the time Donne was indeed extremely worried about his pregnant wife, and was going through severe illness himself. However, R. C. Bald points out that Walton's account "is riddled with inaccuracies. He says that Donne crossed from London to Paris with the Drurys in twelve days, and that the vision occurred two days later; the servant sent to London to make inquiries found Mrs Donne still confined to her bed in Drury House. Actually, of course, Donne did not arrive in Paris until more than three months after he left England, and his wife was not in London but in the Isle of Wight. The still-born child was buried on 24 January.... Yet as late as 14 April Donne in Paris was still ignorant of his wife's ordeal."[4] In January, Donne was still at Amiens. His letters do not support the story as given.[5]
[edit] Abraham Lincoln
Carl Sandburg's biography contains the following:
A dream or illusion had haunted Lincoln at times through the winter. On the evening of his election he had thrown himself on one of the haircloth sofas at home, just after the first telegrams of November 6 had told him he was elected President, and looking into a bureau mirror across the room he saw himself full length, but with two faces.
It bothered him; he got up; the illusion vanished; but when he lay down again there in the glass again were two faces, one paler than the other. He got up again, mixed in the election excitement, forgot about it; but it came back, and haunted him. He told his wife about it; she worried too.
A few days later he tried it once more and the illusion of the two faces again registered to his eyes. But that was the last; the ghost since then wouldn't come back, he told his wife, who said it was a sign he would be elected to a second term, and the death pallor of one face meant he wouldn't live through his second term.[6]
This is adapted from Washington in Lincoln's Time (1895) by Noah Brooks, who claimed that he had heard it from Lincoln himself on 9 November 1864, at the time of his re-election, and that he had printed an account "directly after." He also claimed that the story was confirmed by Mary Todd Lincoln, and partially confirmed by Private Secretary John Hay (who thought it dated from Lincoln's nomination, not his election). Brooks's version is as follows (in Lincoln's own words):
It was just after my election in 1860, when the news had been coming in thick and fast all day and there had been a great "hurrah, boys," so that I was well tired out, and went home to rest, throwing myself down on a lounge in my chamber. Opposite where I lay was a bureau with a swinging glass upon it (and here he got up and placed furniture to illustrate the position), and looking in that glass I saw myself reflected nearly at full length; but my face, I noticed had two separate and distinct images, the tip of the nose of one being about three inches from the tip of the other. I was a little bothered, perhaps startled, and got up and looked in the glass, but the illusion vanished. On lying down again, I saw it a second time, plainer, if possible, than before; and then I noticed that one of the faces was a little paler — say five shades — than the other. I got up, and the thing melted away, and I went off, and in the excitement of the hour forgot all about it — nearly, but not quite, for the thing would once in a while come up, and give me a little pang as if something uncomfortable had happened. When I went home again that night I told my wife about it, and a few days afterward I made the experiment again, when (with a laugh), sure enough! the thing came back again; but I never succeeded in bringing the ghost back after that, though I once tried very industriously to show it to my wife, who was somewhat worried about it. She thought it was a "sign" that I was to be elected to a second term of office, and that the paleness of one of the faces was an omen that I should not see life through the last term.[7]
Lincoln was known to be superstitious,[8] and old mirrors will occasionally produce double images; whether this Janus illusion can be counted as a doppelgänger is perhaps debatable, though probably no more than other such claims of doppelgängers. An alternate consideration, however, suggests that Lincoln suffered vertical strabismus in his left eye,[9] a disorder which could induce visions of a vertically-displaced image.
[edit] Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Near the end of Book XI of his autobiography, Dichtung und Wahrheit ("Truth and Fiction"), Goethe wrote, almost in passing:
Amid all this pressure and confusion I could not forego seeing Frederica once more. Those were painful days, the memory of which has not remained with me. When I reached her my hand from my horse, the tears stood in her eyes; and I felt very uneasy. I now rode along the foot-path toward Drusenheim, and here one of the most singular forebodings took possession of me. I saw, not with the eyes of the body, but with those of the mind, my own figure coming toward me, on horseback, and on the same road, attired in a dress which I had never worn, — it was pike-gray [hecht-grau], with somewhat of gold. As soon as I shook myself out of this dream, the figure had entirely disappeared. It is strange, however, that, eight years afterward, I found myself on the very road, to pay one more visit to Frederica, in the dress of which I had dreamed, and which I wore, not from choice, but by accident. However, it may be with matters of this kind generally, this strange illusion in some measure calmed me at the moment of parting. The pain of quitting for ever noble Alsace, with all I had gained in it, was softened; and, having at last escaped the excitement of a farewell, I, on a peaceful and quiet journey, pretty well regained my self-possession.[10]
This is a rare example of a doppelgänger which is both benign and reassuring.
[edit] Emilie Sagée
Robert Dale Owen was responsible for writing down the singular case of Emilie Sagée. He was told this anecdote by Julie von Güldenstubbe, a Latvian aristocrat. Von Güldenstubbe reported that in the year 1845–46, at the age of 13, she witnessed, along with audiences of between 13 and 42 children, her 32-year-old French teacher Sagée bilocate, in broad daylight, inside her school, Pensionat von Neuwelcke. The actions of Sagée's doppelgänger included:
Mimicking writing and eating, but with nothing in its hands.
Moving independently of Sagée, and remaining motionless while she moved.
Appearing to be in full health at a time when Sagée was badly ill.
Apparently, the doppelgänger also exerted resistance to the touch, but was non-physical (one girl passed through the doppelgänger's body).[11]
[edit] Scientific and philosophical investigations
[edit] Left temporoparietal junction
In September 2006 it was reported in Nature[12] that Shahar Arzy and colleagues of the University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, had unexpectedly reproduced an effect strongly reminiscent of the doppelgänger phenomenon via the electromagnetic stimulation of a patient's brain. They applied focal electrical stimulation to a patient's left temporoparietal junction while she lay flat on a bed. The patient immediately felt the presence of another person in her "extrapersonal space." Other than epilepsy, for which the patient was being treated, she was psychologically fit.
The other person was described as young, of indeterminate sex, silent, motionless, and with a body posture identical to her own. The other person was located exactly behind her, almost touching and therefore within the bed on which the patient was lying.
A second electrical stimulation was applied with slightly more intensity, while the patient was sitting up with her arms folded. This time the patient felt the presence of a "man" who had his arms wrapped around her. She described the sensation as highly unpleasant and electrical stimulation was stopped.
Finally, when the patient was seated, electrical stimulation was applied while the patient was asked to perform language test with a set of flash cards. On this occasion the patient reported the presence of a sitting person, displaced behind her and to the right. She said that the presence was attempting to interfere with the test: "He wants to take the card; he doesn’t want me to read." Again, the effect was disturbing and electrical stimulation was ceased.
Similar effects were found for different positions and postures when electrical stimulation exceeded 10 mA, at the left temporoparietal junction.
Arzy and his colleagues suggest that the left temporoparietal junction of the brain evokes the sensation of self image—body location, position, posture etc. When the left temporoparietal junction is disturbed, the sensation of self-attribution is broken and may be replaced by the sensation of a foreign presence or copy of oneself displaced nearby. This copy mirrors the real person's body posture, location and position. Arzy and his colleagues suggest that the phenomenon they created is seen in certain mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, particularly when accompanied by paranoia, delusions of persecution and of alien control. Nevertheless, the effects reported are highly reminiscent of the doppelgänger phenomenon.[13] Accordingly, some reports of doppelgängers may well be due to failure of the left temporoparietal junction.
See monothematic delusion for a detailed description of various psychological problems including the syndrome of subjective doubles, which may be related to the doppelgänger.[14] See also out-of-body experience.
[edit] In fiction
See also: List of fictional doppelgängers
Doppelgängers, as dark doubles of individual identities, appear in a variety of fictional works from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's The Double to Season of Migration to the North to Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man. In its simplest incarnation, mistaken identity is a classic trope used in literature, from Twelfth Night to A Tale of Two Cities. But in these cases, the characters look similar for perfectly normal reasons, such as being siblings or simple coincidence.
Some stories offer supernatural explanations for doubles. These doppelgängers are typically, but not always, evil in some way. The double will often impersonate the victim and go about ruining them, for instance through committing crimes or insulting the victim's friends. Sometimes, the double even tries to kill the original. The torment is occasionally earned; for instance, in Edgar Allan Poe's short story William Wilson, the protagonist of questionable morality is dogged by his doppelgänger most tenaciously when his morals fail. When doppelgängers are used as harbingers of impending destruction, they are almost always supernaturally based.[15] Some works of fantasy include shapeshifters, as either talented individuals or as a separate race, who can mimic any person.
In some myths, the doppelganger is a version of the Ankou, a personification of death; in a tradition of the Talmud, to meet himself means to meet God.[16]
Another variant, usually seen in science fiction, involves clones, which creates a genetically identical new being without the memories and experiences of the original. Some futuristic variants in fiction duplicate living beings in their entirety, albeit sometimes with modified memories and motives.
Doubles are also seen in fiction involving time travel and parallel universes, as in the motion picture Back to the Future Part II. In this case, the doppelgänger really "is" the doubled person, but from a different timeline or different version of the universe.
The video game series, Tomb Raider, also has a doppelganger who appears in two games throughout the series.
[edit] See also
Bilocation
Body double
Evil twin
Ghost
Homunculus
List of fictional doppelgängers
Look-alike
Syndrome of subjective doubles
Vardøger
[edit] References
^ New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition, 2005.
^ Betty T. Bennett. The Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1980. Volume 1, page 245.
^ Walton, Izaak. Life of Dr. John Donne. Fourth edition, 1675.
^ Bald, R.C. John Donne: a Life. Oxford University Press, 1970.
^ Bennett, R.E. "Donne's Letters from the Continent in 1611-12." Philological Quarterly xix (1940), 66-78.
^ Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York, 1926. Volume 2, Chapter 165, pp.423-4
^ Brooks, Noah. Washington in Lincoln's Time. Century, New York, 1895. Reprinted as Washington, D.C., in Lincoln's Time. Edited by Herbert Mitgang. Quadrangle Books, Chicago, 1971. University of Georgia Press, Athens, 1989. First ed., pages 220-221. Mitgang's ed., pages 198-200.
^ Luthin, Reinhard H. The Real Abraham Lincoln. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1960. Page 116.
^ Goldstein, JH (Mar-Apr 1997). "Lincoln's vertical strabismus.". J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 34 (2): 118–20. PMID 9083959.
^ The Autobiography of Wolfgang von Goethe. Translated by John Oxenford. Horizon Press, 1969.
^ Doppelganger!
^ Access: Brain electrodes conjure up ghostly visions: Nature News
^ The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach by Graham F. Reed, Prometheus Books, Rev Sub edition September 1988
^ The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach by Graham F. Reed,Prometheus Books, Rev Sub edition September 1988
^ For example, the television series Twin Peaks.
^ J.L.Borges, "Book of Imaginary Beings": The Dopplegänger
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Post by beatlies on Apr 12, 2009 7:06:25 GMT -5
Western holidays and annual observances are doubles and shifted identities of their previous incarnations: From another forum--- Happy Semiramis! (Easter) Quote I bid everyone a lovely day on this wonderful Babylonian, Saxonian, Wiccan, Druidic, and Roman Catholic holiday. Good Tidings to all who rejoice in the festival of the goddess Astarte/Ishtar. Alban Eiber shall be celebrated for a long time to come, thanks to the christians of the world adopting out ancient festivals! Anonymous Coward User ID: 598678 (OP) 4/12/2009 6:27 AM Re: Happy Semiramis! (Easter) Quote LEt me break it down for y'all Groundhog Day: Imbolc for the Druids [the original holiday] Candlemas/Feast of the Purification of the Virgin for the Roman Catholics St. Brigid's Day for Catholics and Anglicans Easter: Holiday of Semiramis (also called Ishtar, Astarte, Easter) for the Babylonians [the original holiday] Eastre/Ostara for the Saxons of Northern Europe and Wiccans Alban Eiber for the Druids Easter for Roman Catholics and most Christian sects Halloween: Samhain for the Druids and Wiccans [the original holiday] Elven Blot for the Nordics All Hallows Eve for the Catholics Halloween for contemporary Western society May Day: Beltane for the Druids and Wiccans [the original holiday] Walpurgis Night for the Germanic Catholics and Scandinavians Volbrioo for the Estonians May Day for the Americans Christmas: Winter Solstice for the neolithic and a myriad of other cultures [the original holiday] Yule for the Wiccans, Scandinavians, Druids and Germanic pagans Hanukkah for the Jews Christmas for Catholics and most Christian sects Kwanzaa for the Africans [sic-- african-americans, created in 1966 by FBI anti-Black COINTELPRO agent Ron Karenga and first media-promoted in the late 1980s; it has few people today who actually do the "kwanzaa" rituals] Pongal for the Indians Soyal for the Hopi Indians Valentine's Day: Lupercalia for the Romans [the original holiday] Tu B'Av for the Jews Sepandarmazgan for the Persians St. Valentine's Day for the Catholics and most of Western society To show how prevelant Wiccan and Druidic festivals are in contemporary culture, look at the 8 major holidays of Wiccans and notice that half or more of them are still being observed today. le click por favor:
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Post by faulconandsnowjob on Jun 8, 2009 3:26:45 GMT -5
Dr. Peter David Beter - Audio Letter No. 44. March 29, 1979 www.peterdavidbeter.com/docs/all/dbal44.htmlThere is nothing new about "doubles", hoaxes, and trickery by those who control the mass media. Many people think that a "double" is an exotic, rare occurrence, but actually "doubles" are relatively easy to find for those who specialize in that field. For example, in Hollywood, California, there is an agency called "Celebrity Look-Alikes, Inc." run by Ron Smith. The agency provides look-alikes for all kinds of public figures for entertainment purposes. They have over 400 look-alikes, including one for Kissinger; and not one, but two look-alikes for Jimmy Carter. One Carter look-alike is named Ed Beheler from Waco, Texas; the other named Walter Hannon is from Los Angeles. Both look so much like Carter that most people can't tell the difference. Not long ago Bob Hope illustrated this fact when he wrote to Ed Beheler: "Dear Ed--Thanks for bringing the Jimmy Carter look and your talent to NBC for the 'All Star Comedy Tribute to Vaudeville' special. May I say your presence was somewhat unnerving. After your appearance on the set, three of the pages left immediately to pay their back taxes." But "doubles" and other hoaxes are not always so entertaining. Since medieval times "doubles" have been used as an instrument of intrigue. History is replete with the exploits of impostors who have taken the place of the rich and the powerful, and often they have been remarkably successful. If all of this is new to you, I urge you to do your own library research. For example, one of the latest books on the whole area of hoaxes was published in 1977 by Reader's Digest--it's called "The Pleasures of Deception" by Norman Moss. Chapter 4 of the book deals with a topic that is specially relevant here--that is, hoaxes perpetrated by means of the mass media. It begins: "With the creation of the mass media, a whole new area of deception was opened up. This provided the means of fooling the whole public at the same time in the same way. Anything told through the mass media carries credibility; it is more solid than rumor, more respectable than gossip, more believable than hearsay." A few lines further on the author points out that people tend to just swallow what they read, saying "The newspapers say so and so." He might have added, "I saw it on television." The psychological key to all this is explained in the words: "This authority stems partly from the fact that the media, and particularly the news media, deal with public issues that are beyond the experience of most of its audience." In other words, if we don't know any better, we just believe what we are told. Still you may say, "Surely the great major media of the United States are not used for really serious distortions. It just couldn't happen here." Well, my friends, it began happening here over 80 years ago... Topic #2--For hundreds of years doubles, look-alikes, and impostors have been recurring facts of life throughout modern civilization. Where the rich and the powerful and the ruling classes are involved, the pattern is always the same. Quoting once again from the book I cited earlier, THE PLEASURES OF DECEPTION: "A monarch or heir to the throne dies but in circumstances which leave the possibility of doubting that he really did die, at least to those who want to doubt it, and claimants come forward." ... |
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